Step by Step Process in Constructing a House

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CONTENTS

SETTING OUT
SUB-STRUCTURE
SUPER STRUCTURE
- FIRST FLOOR SLAB.
- SLAB TO ROOF LEVEL
ROOF WORK
WET WORK.
FINISHES
EXTERNAL WORK
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Building your dream home can be one of the most exciting and rewarding projects you can undertake. Getting the opportunity to plan out each step of the process and make the decisions about your building project is a big responsibility, and can be overwhelming for even the most experienced. Taking the scope of the project into account before you get started can help make the process go a lot more smoothly. Follow the steps below to get started.

SETTING OUT

Setting out is the process of developing the physical positions of corners and walls of a building, and it’s done by transferring dimensions from the layout plan. Setting out clearly defines the outline of the excavations and the centre line of the walls, so that the construction can be carried out according to the plan

SUB-STRUCTURE

[1] Re-excavation for pad footing and strip.

Excavation is the process of moving earth, rock or other materials with tools, equipment or explosives. It includes earthwork, trenching, wall shafts, tunneling and underground.

[2] Blinding for pad footing.

Concrete blinding is the process of pouring a thin layer of concrete over the floor of a new building; this can be over the hardcore or over the foundation itself. The purpose of this is to seal in underlying material and prevent dirt and mud from interfering with the structure.

[3] Pad reinforcement.

Pad reinforcement is the reinforcement set up for pad foundation, it must be dimension according to the excavated space.

[4] Casting of pad footing & strip.

After the formwork as been put in place. A specified concrete is being poured on the reinforced pad footing, pouring of the concrete is known as casting.

[5] Block work in foundation/hollow filling.

This process involve setting of 4 or more layers of block depending on the excavation depth, the block is then filled with concrete.

[6] Filling and compacting of celluloid.

The whole space is filled with sand and is then compacted with compacting machine as you can see in the diagram below

[7] Laying of hardcore.

Hardcore like stones is being place on the compacted soil. This hardcore is essential in a place where heavy load like cars, truck, lorries will be moving.

[8] Blinding for ground floor/DPM.

DPM’s can be applied to either a suitable blinding layer under the slab or internally to the top of the slab. Consideration should be given to applying the DPM to the top of the slab, as the installation and moisture sensitive internal finishes are then protected from any residual moisture in the concrete.

[9] Fitting of wire mesh.

Many construction projects are now calling for welded wire mesh to be used in making concrete slabs, instead of rebar. Wire mesh allows for thinner slab pours, and protects against future cracking by providing a framework for the concrete to hold to. Reinforce wire mesh for concrete slabs so that it stays at the correct height during the pour, and so the mesh sheets remain together.

[10] Formwork for ground floor slab.

Formwork in construction is the use of support structures and moulds to create structures out of concrete which is poured into the moulds. Formwork can be made using moulds out of steel, wood, aluminium and/or prefabricated forms. Formwork is an ancillary construction, used as a mould for a structure.

[11] Mechanical and electrical conduiting.

[12] Casting of ground floor slab.

SUPER STRUCTURE

FIRST FLOOR SLAB.

[1] Column kickers/installation of rebar’s.

Column kickers is provided to ensure that the coordinates of the column wall are maintained uniformly between the slab and essentially throughout the structure.

[2] Column formwork.

[3] Casting of column.

[4] Formwork for slab, beam and stair case.

[5] Reinforcement to slab, beam and stair case

[6] Mechanical and electrical installation (first fix).

[7] Casting of slab, beam and stair case.

[8] Striking of slab and beam form work after 21 days.

Striking involve removing of formwork of already cast beams, slab, column after 21 days.

SLAB TO ROOF LEVEL

[1] Column kicker/installation of rebar’s.

[2] Column formwork.

[3] Casting of columns.

[4] Formwork for roof beams and slab.

[5] Roof slab/beams reinforcement.

[6] Casting of roof beams.

[7] Striking of roof beam/slab formwork.

ROOF WORK

[1] Gable block setting/ plastering.

A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of intersecting roof pitches. The shape of the gable and how it is detailed depends on the structural system used, which reflects climate, material availability, and aesthetic concerns.